Neuromatiq : Neuroanatomie, neurophysiologie et neuropsychopathologie - Dr Ben Brahim Mohammed Pédopsychiatre Fès Béni Mellal

01. Anatomy - Overview

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Anatomical point of view, there are [ 160 ]: A [central nervous system (CNS) 95 , 225 ] and peripheral nervous system (PNS) [ 125 ].

1. The central nervous system (or central nervous system):

1.1. The brain [ 157 ]:

One seat in the skull and contains: Two hemispheres [ 224 ] (support of the cerebral cortex), the cerebral ventricles [ 37 ] where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [circulates 95 ], the basal ganglia (NGC) [ 4 ], the thalamus [ 75 ] and the hypothalamus [ 4 , 50 ], the cerebellum [ 4 , 54 ] and brainstem [ 32 , 38 ].

1.2. The spinal cord [ 38 , 160 ]:

The spinal cord is an extension of the brain stem outside the skull, it is protected within the spinal canal [ 43 ] in the center of the spine. At his level, will emerge anterior and posterior roots that form the spinal nerves [ 38 , 125 ].

2. The peripheral nervous system:

The SNP has different nerves and ganglia that sit outside the central nervous system. It essentially consists of 11 pairs of cranial nerves [ 64 ] located at or emerging skull (the optic nerve belongs CNS [ 41 ]), and 31 pairs of spinal nerves [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] emerging from the foramina located in the spine.